L'hétérogénéité de la manifestation de l'alliance thérapeutique et des dimensions cognitive et affective de l'empathie chez les orthophonistes en France
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.61989/6m0fxd50Mots-clés :
émotions, invariance de la mesure, observance thérapeutique, relation praticien-patientRésumé
Contexte. L’interaction entre les dimensions cognitive et affective de l’empathie et la capacité à établir une alliance thérapeutique avec le patient, a été explorée pour plusieurs professions de santé à l’exception des orthophonistes.
Objectifs. Le travail décrit ici a été réalisé afin de collecter des mesures chez les orthophonistes exerçant en France afin d’identifier des groupes différant par leur alliance thérapeutique et leurs dimensions cognitive et affective de l’empathie.
Méthodes. Une enquête nationale a été réalisée pour mesurer l’alliance thérapeutique (échelle WAI-SR) et les dimensions cognitive (prise de perspective) et affective (soin compassionnel) de l’empathie. Des items sociodémographiques (âge, sexe, ancienneté professionnelle) ont complété le questionnaire. Après validation psychométrique de l’échelle WAI-SR, une analyse corrélationnelle entre les différentes mesures a été réalisée. L’hétérogénéité de la population au regard de ces construits a été explorée grâce à une analyse par grappes.
Résultats. 698 réponses ont été analysées. L’échelle WAI-SR présentait une structure uni-dimensionnelle invariante selon l’ancienneté professionnelle. Le score WAI-SR était corrélé positivement avec la prise de perspective (ρs = 0,407 ; p < ,001) et le soin compassionnel (ρs = 0,193 ; p < ,001). Ces corrélations ne différaient pas significativement (p < ,05) selon l’ancienneté professionnelle. Quatre grappes ont été identifiées comme différant significativement par leur alliance thérapeutique (K = 277,91 ; p < ,001), leur prise de perspective (K = 315,69 ; p < ,001) et leur soin compassionnel (K = 246,31 ; p < ,001).
Conclusion. Ce travail constitue la première analyse de données collectées auprès d’orthophonistes exerçant en France concernant l’alliance thérapeutique et les dimensions cognitive et affective de l’empathie. Ces trois construits sont positivement corrélés et leurs manifestations sont hétérogènes dans l’échantillon testé. Cette hétérogénéité n’apparaît pas comme strictement dépendante de l’ancienneté professionnelle. D’autres possibles déterminants de cette hétérogénéité sont discutés.
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